Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2 Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
3 Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
4 Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
5 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
6 School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian, Beijing 100081, China
7 Biophysics Program, Molecular Imaging Program, and Bio-X Program at Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
8 Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
9 Institute of Medical Equipment Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Optical imaging techniques provide low-cost, non-radiative images with high spatiotemporal resolution, making them advantageous for long-term dynamic observation of blood perfusion in stroke research and other brain studies compared to non-optical methods. However, high-resolution imaging in optical microscopy fundamentally requires a tight optical focus, and thus a limited depth of field (DOF). Consequently, large-scale, non-stitched, high-resolution images of curved surfaces, like brains, are difficult to acquire without z-axis scanning. To overcome this limitation, we developed a needle-shaped beam optical coherence tomography angiography (NB-OCTA) system, and for the first time, achieved a volumetric resolution of less than 8 μm in a non-stitched volume space of 6.4 mm × 4 mm × 620 μm in vivo. This system captures the distribution of blood vessels at 3.4-times larger depths than normal OCTA equipped with a Gaussian beam (GB-OCTA). We then employed NB-OCTA to perform long-term observation of cortical blood perfusion after stroke in vivo, and quantitatively analyzed the vessel area density (VAD) and the diameters of representative vessels in different regions over 10 days, revealing different spatiotemporal dynamics in the acute, sub-acute and chronic phase of post-ischemic revascularization. Benefiting from our NB-OCTA, we revealed that the recovery process is not only the result of spontaneous reperfusion, but also the formation of new vessels. This study provides visual and mechanistic insights into strokes and helps to deepen our understanding of the spontaneous response of brain after stroke.
PhotoniX
2024, 5(1): 7
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Nanophotonics Research Center, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics & State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
2 Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
3 Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
4 Research Institute of Intelligent Sensing, Research Center for Humanoid Sensing,Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China
Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) are intricately designed devices with the purpose of manipulating light fields by precisely modifying their wavefronts. The concept of DOEs has its origins dating back to 1948 when D. Gabor first introduced holography. Subsequently, researchers introduced binary optical elements (BOEs), including computer-generated holograms (CGHs), as a distinct category within the realm of DOEs. This was the first revolution in optical devices. The next major breakthrough in light field manipulation occurred during the early 21st century, marked by the advent of metamaterials and metasurfaces. Metasurfaces are particularly appealing due to their ultra-thin, ultra-compact properties and their capacity to exert precise control over virtually every aspect of light fields, including amplitude, phase, polarization, wavelength/frequency, angular momentum, etc. The advancement of light field manipulation with micro/nano-structures has also enabled various applications in fields such as information acquisition, transmission, storage, processing, and display. In this review, we cover the fundamental science, cutting-edge technologies, and wide-ranging applications associated with micro/nano-scale optical devices for regulating light fields. We also delve into the prevailing challenges in the pursuit of developing viable technology for real-world applications. Furthermore, we offer insights into potential future research trends and directions within the realm of light field manipulation.
diffractive optical elements metasurfaces metamaterials 
Photonics Insights
2023, 2(4): R09
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2 e-mail: yanghd@tsinghua.edu.cn
3 e-mail: tanqf@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is an advanced microscope system that provides superresolution capability with excellent imaging speed, which has become a practical tool for live-cell imaging. However, the bulky size is blocking the application of SIM in wider study fields and scenarios. Here, we developed a miniaturized SIM (Mini SIM) system that provided periodic illumination using a diffractive optical element (DOE) for the first time. This optimized phase-only DOE generated the two-dimensional sinusoidal illumination by optical Fourier transform with an illuminating objective lens, which substantially simplified and miniaturized the illumination system. We built up a Mini SIM prototype and demonstrated lateral superresolution imaging of fluorescence beads and A549 cell slides. The proposed Mini SIM greatly simplifies the experimental setup and may lead to important applications in bio-imaging.
Photonics Research
2022, 10(5): 05001317
作者单位
摘要
1 北京邮电大学信息光子学与光通信国家重点实验室, 北京, 100876
2 清华大学精密测试技术及仪器国家重点实验室, 北京, 100084
近年来,超多视点光场显示设备取得了快速发展,呈现出视点数目越来越多、分辨率越来越高和可视角度越来越大的特点,而能够呈现的虚拟场景也越来越复杂。对现有的超多视点光场显示设备的虚拟立体内容生成技术进行了梳理与总结,指出了各个技术适用的情景与优缺点。总体来说,面向超多视点的大规模虚拟场景的高质量实时光场内容生成技术还存在许多不足,需要研发全新的渲染体系才能突破现有算法的瓶颈。
图像处理 光场显示 超多视点渲染 虚拟内容生成 实时渲染 
中国激光
2021, 48(15): 1509001
作者单位
摘要
1 清华大学精密仪器系精密测试技术与仪器国家重点实验室, 北京 100084
2 清华⁃IDG/麦戈文脑科学研究院, 北京 100084
相比传统电生理方法,基于光遗传学的神经调控技术具有低侵入性、可结合基因工程实现特定神经元选择性激发等优势,近年来在脑科学研究领域得到广泛应用。对基于光遗传学的神经调控方法进行了系统回顾,详细介绍了双光子光遗传技术及其在在体高空间分辨率神经调控方面的研究进展,包括串行螺旋扫描激发、串行扩展光斑扫描激发以及基于广义相衬和计算机生成全息图的并行激发技术等。此外,还讨论了目前双光子光遗传技术在激发精度及激发视场等方面存在的问题及解决方案,并指出将双光子成像与双光子光遗传结合的全光电生理技术可实现神经活动的同步观测与调控,进而极大地推动神经环路解析等神经科学研究。
材料 光遗传学 光敏蛋白 双光子激发 计算全息算法 全光电生理系统 
中国激光
2021, 48(15): 1507003
作者单位
摘要
精密测试技术及仪器国家重点实验室,清华大学精密仪器系, 北京 100084
由于现有空间光调制器(SLM)的调制特性,连续取值的复振幅型计算全息图(CGH)通常需要被转换为离散取值的纯振幅型或纯相位型CGH。将连续值近似为离散值的量化过程会对CGH的全息重建质量产生显著的影响。选择峰值信噪比(PSNR)作为重建质量的评价依据,采用参数空间遍历法,定量评估了CGH振幅和相位的量化取值对重建质量的影响。评估过程充分考虑了分辨率、补零范围、重建距离、重建波长、随机相位、像素间距、位深度及相位调制偏差等关键参数对全息重建的作用。在此基础上,提出了针对现有和未来SLM的最佳量化方案。
全息 计算全息 全息显示 振幅 相位 量化 
中国激光
2021, 48(12): 1209002
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2 Centre for Photonic Devices and Sensors, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
This Letter describes an approach to encode complex-amplitude light waves with spatiotemporal double-phase holograms (DPHs) for overcoming the limit of the space-bandwidth product (SBP) delivered by existing methods. To construct DPHs, two spatially macro-pixel encoded phase components are employed in the SBP-preserved resampling of complex holograms. Four generated sub-DPHs are displayed sequentially in time for high-quality holographic image reconstruction without reducing the image size or discarding any image terms when the DPHs are interweaved. The reconstructed holographic images contain more details and less speckle noise, with their signal-to-noise ratio and structure similarity index being improved by 14.64% and 78.79%, respectively.
computer generated holography complex-amplitude hologram double phase hologram holographic display 
Chinese Optics Letters
2020, 18(10): 100901
作者单位
摘要
1 清华大学精密仪器系, 精密测试技术及仪器国家重点实验室, 北京 100084
2 杜克大学电子与计算机工程系, 美国 达勒姆NC 27708
无透镜数字全息计算成像可以实现大视场高分辨率三维成像,但面临成像分辨率低和信噪比差的问题。为此,构建了基于衍射传输的无透镜压缩数字全息成像模型,开发了基于全变分正则化约束和两步迭代收缩阈值的优化算法,抑制了全息重建的二阶项噪声与孪生像噪声,并在重建模型中引入滤波层,提高了三维图像的重建信噪比。同时,提出了基于有效抗混叠区域的压缩全息分块并行重建算法,提升了压缩数字全息重建效率。建立了基于双角度照明的压缩数字全息成像模型,提高了三维成像的轴向分辨能力。基于上述算法,在多层掩模版和粒子流场上实现了大视场无透镜显微成像。
成像系统 计算成像 编码成像 数字全息 压缩感知 
激光与光电子学进展
2020, 57(8): 080001
Author Affiliations
Abstract
State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurements Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Freeform surfaces are difficult to manufacture due to their lack of rotational symmetry. To reduce the requirements for manufacturing precision, a design method is proposed for freeform reflective-imaging systems with low surface-figure-error sensitivity. The method considers both the surface-figure-error sensitivity and optical specifications, which can design initial systems insensitive to surface figure errors. Design starts with an initial planar system; the surface-figure-error sensitivity of the system is reduced during construction. The proposed method and another that is irrelevant to figure-error sensitivity are used to design a freeform off-axis three-mirror imaging system. Comparison of the sensitivities of the two systems indicates the superiority of our proposed method.
220.4830 Systems design 080.4228 Nonspherical mirror surfaces 220.4610 Optical fabrication 080.4035 Mirror system design 
Chinese Optics Letters
2019, 17(9): 092201
作者单位
摘要
清华大学 精密仪器系 精密测试技术及仪器国家重点实验室, 北京 100084
数字全息作为一种干涉成像方式, 能够准确记录物体的相位信息, 具有快速、无损、三维成像等优势, 被广泛应用于生物成像与材料科学等领域。与其他光学成像方式相同, 数字全息也面临分辨率与成像视场互为限制而导致空间带宽积受限的问题。研究人员提出了计算照明、计算调制与计算探测等方法, 通过牺牲成像系统的时间、偏振等自由度来扩展其空间带宽积。文中分析了光学系统信息承载能力的理论基础, 总结了近年来大视场高分辨率的数字全息成像技术, 介绍了倾斜照明、结构光照明、随机调制照明、多位置综合孔径探测和像素超分辨等方法实现分辨率增强, 以及基于角度复用的视场扩展的原理及具体实现, 对不同方法进行了比较和分析, 并对提高分辨率以及扩大视场的途径进行了展望。
数字全息 超分辨/高分辨 视场扩展 digital holography super resolution/high resolution field of view expansion 
红外与激光工程
2019, 48(6): 0603008

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